The chemical name for vitamin C is “ascorbic acid”. I always used to wonder about this one. Is being ascorbic like being acerbic? Is it like being ascetic? Absorbent? Some combination of all of them?
Today I learned that scorbi is just a Latinish way of writing scurvy. So a-scorbi-c acid is “no-scurvy acid”.
To demonstrate how computers work, he has made a physical example of how binary logic gates work using pulleys and weights. For anyone who doesn’t know much about logic gates (Wikipedia), it’s a great lesson in one of the fundamentals of circuitry. Using an old chessboard, eyelets, rings, weights, and string, Alex has designed a system that can show off all of the logic gates. This includes: NOT, BUFFER, NAND, AND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR.
Not
0 in, 1 out; 1 in, 0 out. Whatever you put in, you don't get out.
If you take the not of not, you get what you put in – 0 in, 0 out, 1 in, 1 out.
Nand
Both inputs must be brought up to 1 to lower the output to 0.
And
If you negate the result of Nand, you get And. Both inputs must be brought up to 1 to raise the output up to 1.
Or
If you not both inputs, and then Nand them together, you get Or. If either input is raised to 1, the output raises to 1.
Nor
Negate both inputs, nand them together, and negate the output.
Xor
Xor is complicated – The large weight ands the inputs together. The medium weights negate the inputs, but are pulled up by the large one when both are 1. When you nor those together, you get Xor.
Xnor
This is comparatively simple – just negate the output of Xor, and you&
The principles of logic can be realized in so many systems that it makes you understand how they really are universal. All you need is something that takes an input and produces the opposite output – a NOT gate; something that take two inputs and produces an output when any one of the inputs is active – an OR gate; and something that takes two inputs and produces an output only when both inputs are active – an AND gate. Once you have AND, OR and NOT you can build any other logic gate you need. They form a universal basis for logic. You can even do better – a single NAND, i.e. a NOT AND gate, is universal. Yes, you can make any other logic gate by simply combining NAND gates.
This sounds powerful but you also need to keep in mind that you can use logic gates to build a fully functioning computer. All you need to build a computer is lots of NAND gate.
Pulley Logic Gates demonstrates how a set of ropes and pulleys can be used to implement the basic gates. To understand what is going on notice that binary values correspond to zero or one as written on the board – i.e. up is 1 and down is 0. For example, you immediately get a NOT gate with a single piece of rope. When one end is up the other is down and vice versa – it is an inverter.
When I was about ten years old, my dad called me into his home office for a moment. There was a bunch of incomprehensible code up on his computer screen.
“Press the enter key,” he said. I did. “Thanks,” he said. “I couldn’t bear to do it myself.”
And that’s the story of how I sent out one of the largest spam email campaigns of the 1990s.
After everything that happened in Ragnarok, imagine Thor hearing about Steve and Tony’s fight and being like “Really?! Thats why you all stopped working together?! Just get over it! I did! I’m still friends with Loki and he’s betrayed me three times since breakfast! This petty mortal shit is nothing!”
Loki: “Can confirm, poisoning his mead right now.”
Thor: “Ha! I’ve built up an immunity.”
Loki doesn’t betray Thor 3 times in one morning and Thor comes by like “ What hath saddened you my brother?”
Thor giving Loki opportunities to betray him because he’s worried, like “ah, I am not facing you, how inconvenient would it be if you stabbed me.” “i said, i REALLY hope you won’t stab me” “c’mon, no stab?”
Thor: *stretching* Forsooth, my kidneys are so vulnerable right now; ‘twould be terrible indeed if someone were to–
Loki: *does it just to shut him up* *smiles very, very, VERY slightly*
Watching this made me physically feel like I’d just been chasing someone with answers for a quest through a series of alleys and they went through a door into a house and when I opened the same door to pursue them it was pitch black and I stumbled into the darkness for a moment before this guy appeared and I saw this video in a vision he gave me with his powers and when it ended I was standing alone in an empty room, my target long gone.
Iron in the Sand 